By Peter Liu

Camera: Nikon D2X
Exposure: 0.2 sec (1/5)
Aperture: f/16.0
Focal Length: 29 mm
ISO Speed: 100
Exposure Bias: 0 EV
Flash: No Flash

How I got this shot:

This panorama was created with four exposures on a tripod with a 3-stop ND grad set on the horizon. I used the sun as a reference point and simply panned from left to right. I had to do this quickly, as the sun was moving and I wanted it to occupy the same relative spot in all the frames. I used an ExpoDisc to set the white balance beforehand and locked the focus and exposure.

From Adobe Photoshop Lightroom 2.5, I loaded the four frames directly into Photomerge in Adobe Photoshop CS4 and processed the panorama using the default settings. After flattening the resulting image, I used the Ruler Tool to straighten the horizon (I didn’t have time to make sure everything was level during the shoot) and did the final crop.

Then I saved the image as a TIFF, closed it and reopened it in Camera RAW, so that I could adjust the overall exposure and use Fill Light to open the shadows in the rocks. I saved the image again and imported it back into Lightroom, where I manage all my photos. As a finishing touch, I burned in the edges slightly using the Vignettes feature in Lightroom.

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Camera: Nikon D300
Exposure: 0.002 sec (1/641)
Aperture: f/6.3
Focal Length: 10 mm
ISO Speed: 200

How
3 exposures, -2, 0, and +2 using a Nikon D300 w/ Sigma 10-20mm Wide Angle

Process
Photomatix Pro for tonemapping
Photoshop CS4, made duplicate layer from original, adjusted Levels, adjusted Curves, adjusted Hue/Saturation, and used Unsharp Mask to sharpen a tad.

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By Photonelly (Kris Nelson)

Camera: Canon EOS Digital Rebel XSi
Exposure: 1.3
Aperture: f/16.0
Focal Length: 18 mm
ISO Speed: 100
Exposure Bias: 0 EV
Flash: Off, Did not fire

How I got this shot:

First, this was the best of multiple attempts of capturing this scene, which is one of the many benefits of shooting digital. That allowed me to try a few different settings and review the results until I got one that I was really happy with.

In order to capture the “cotton candy” feel of rushing water in this fashion, it’s all about using a slow shutter speed. So, for starters, I put my Canon Rebel XSi into Tv mode, also known as Shutter Priority mode. This mode lets you choose the shutter speed (in fractions of a second of full seconds) and the camera takes care of choosing the aperture setting based on the light in the scene you’re shooting.

Again, since I was playing around with different settings, I tested everything from 1/2 second to about 4 seconds. This particular shot was done with a shutter speed of 1.3 seconds, which in Tv mode and the widest focal length of my kit lens (18mm) put the aperture at f/16.0.

There are other techniques for controlling the light in these exposures as well. The next one I considered was the ISO speed. The lower the ISO speed, the less sensitive your sensor will be to light. I went with the lowest setting I have on my camera, which is ISO 100. The also has the benefit of reducing noise levels that higher ISO levels would have added. If you do experiment with higher ISO settings, you’ll notice that you can shoot at much faster shutter speeds than over 1 sec.

I ended up shooting this image in RAW mode, so I didn’t dwell too much on the white balance setting that I chose for this (Adobe Camera Raw lets me switch and preview all the other WB settings for my camera later on). One of the benefits I had when setting up for this shot was that we were under a decent tree canopy over the stream. That, and the overcast skies typical of the West Maui valley we were in helped offer the soft lighting I had for this shot, and made a WB selection of Cloudy (6500K) a quick and easy choice.

In these scenes, you will often have better luck in cloudy conditions or heavily shaded areas. This is just another way to help give you the proper lighting and let you drag the shutter longer than in much brighter light.

Another thing to consider with longer exposures is a tripod and either a timer or a cable release/remote control for triggering the shutter. Since this was sort of an impromptu hike, I didn’t have my tripod with me, but I was able to improvise. My tripod stand-in for this shot was one of the large rocks like the one you see in the foreground of the shot. This is where that standard camera strap for larger DSLR cameras come in handy, because even though I didn’t want to be touching the camera during the exposure, I had my hand in the loop of the strap so I could snatch up my camera should it decide to go for a fall.

For the “hands free” operation, I did have my wireless remote control for my Rebel XSi, but the problem here was that the sensor for the remote is on the front of the camera body. Never fear though, since I just switched my shutter mode to the 2-sec delay setting, which let me press the shutter and let the camera be while the shutter was open. Shooting hands free during these types of exposures reduces the amount of camera shake or movement that would otherwise reduce the sharpness of your final image.

The last tip I wanted to mention here was how my camera’s Live Mode came in handy. Although my Canon doesn’t offer a reliable auto-focus feature in Live Mode (that or I don’t trust it), it was still of use for framing my shot because I had the camera out a ways on the rock. What I did was set the Auto Focus priority point to an area that was going to be off center to the lower left (the final image was cropped, so it looks like it was focus just on the bottom). With my AF point set, I used Live Mode to line up the foreground of the shot as I balanced the camera on the rock. When I was happy enough with the composition, I turned off Live Mode and pressed the shutter. The Auto Focus and the AF priority point took it from there.

Well, I think that just about touches on all the points I was thinking of at the time. I’m sure there are other pointers, so feel free to leave a few of your own if you like. All told, I probably shot about 3 or 4 of these before I got the exposure levels where I wanted them, and then maybe 5 or 6 from different rocks and compositions. I was lucky in that the lighting conditions were about as close to ideal as they could have been, so I didn’t need to spend a ton of time on getting this shot. Maybe 15 minutes, tops.

As far as post-production goes, I already hinted that this was a RAW image and that I use Adobe Camera Raw for processing. Since I took care in getting the look I wanted in camera, there was very little I decided to tweak in post. I just mentioned this is a cropped version, so I removed a little of the top and right of the original capture. I ended up sticking with the Cloudy WB setting, but did tweak the vibrance a little for the greens at the top.

I actually used a quick 2nd pass of the RAW image through ACR to tweak the exposure of the background at the top and then used a gradient mask to blend it into the rest of the image. That and a little sharpening pretty much wrapped it up. Total editing time was no more than 5 minutes.

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Camera: Canon Digital IXUS 960 IS
Exposure: 0.3
Aperture: f/2.8
Focal Length: 7.7 mm
ISO Speed: 80
Exposure Bias: 0 EV
Flash: Off, Did not fire

Another first for me: HDR!

I combined 3 images in Photomatix Pro 3.2 for this but only did some very mild tone mapping. I got to the windmill sort of late (whoops!) so each photo was taken when it was almost dark – hence the slightly grainy sky which ive managed to even out a bit with Noiseware.

Considering the boringness of the images straight out of the camera, this one has had quite a lot of post-processing, mostly in Paint Shop Pro X2. The original colour of the sky was utterly terrible but i managed to enhance the moon, change the sky colour and make the clouds stand out a bit more. I’m not too happy with the grass in the foreground but this could be to do with the fact that i had to use my little travel tripod to take the shots. It only extends to about 20cm above ground level but for now, i have to make do with what little equipment I have

My “automatic” point and shoot decided to photograph this at f2.8 so its not as detailed as it should be. I’ll definately be visiting again when i get my SLR before Christmas

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By Andy Beal

I took this at the lookout at Linville Falls, NC.

I used my iPhone and stitched together about 6 shots with the Autostitch app. Unfortunately, I was holding the leash of a wiener dog at the time, so couldn’t keep still–hence the images were blurry.

Instead of throwing out the combined image, I just simply went over the top with Aperture. I boosted sharpness, contrast, saturation, vibrancy, colors, shadows–you name it.

(I’d tell you the precise enhancements, but that’s not the purpose of sharing this image. Instead, I want to show you what can be accomplished when you get creative. Photoshop, iPhoto, Picasa all have similar adjustments you can make.)

The result? Something salvageable that looks like some kind of watercolor or oil painting.

The next time you take a “bad” photo, try playing around with your photo software and see if you can get something interesting from it! Then add it to the Photogler Flickr group so we can all see it!

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By Andy Beal

Camera: Nikon D80
Exposure: 10
Aperture: f/11.0
Focal Length: 42 mm
ISO Speed: 100
Exposure Bias: -1/3 EV
Flash: No Flash

I happened to be in Waikiki when they launched a few fireworks. I knew this ahead of time, so set up my camera on a tripod, on one of the small piers.

I wasn’t sure where the fireworks would launch, so I set a relatively wide angle on my zoom lens. Then, knowing that I’d need a long shutter time, I set my ISO to 100 (the lowest) and my Aperture to f/11. This seemed to work well.

I was in Manual mode, so experimented with changing the exposure time. If I had used Aperture priority, the camera would have selected it’s own shutter speed. If I had selected Shutter priority, the camera would have selected its own aperture.

I didn’t have my remote control with me, so I used the camera’s timer so that it took the shot 3 seconds after I hit the shutter release. This is important, because you want to avoid any shake in the camera, while it’s taking the photo.

One thing I learned with this shot, was that the best option was to manual focus to infinity. Using the auto focus didn’t work, because the camera would simply “hunt” for something to focus on–and it was too dark.

Then, I just kept hitting the shutter button and hoped that I’d get a shot like this.

There was very little I did to the photo in Aperture. Pretty much cropped it and that was it!

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By Peter Liu

Camera: Nikon D2X
Exposure: 30
Aperture: f/16.0
Focal Length: 46 mm
ISO Speed: 100
Exposure Bias: 0 EV
Flash: No Flash

How I got this shot:

The key to a shot like this is a long exposure—in this case, 30 seconds. This is one of those rare sunsets that didn’t fizzle out after the sun disappeared below the horizon. Instead, the sky just kept getting more and more fiery and red.

While the colors were developing, the overall light levels were diminishing over time, which enabled me to make longer and longer exposures, until I could capture the ethereal feel of the waves crashing over the lava rocks and expose the reflection of the red sky on the wet sand in the foreground (which would otherwise have been obscured by the waves).

I used a 3-stop ND grad (neutral density graduated filter) lined up with the horizon, which allowed me to meter the whole scene as if there was less light than there actually was, thereby achieving even slower shutter speeds.

I did the post processing in Lightroom, but there wasn’t really much to do. I basically just used Fill Light to open up the shadows in the lava rocks, then sharpened them slightly. I had used an ExpoDisc to set the white balance, so there wasn’t any correction to be done there.

I always shoot RAW, so I can manipulate the white balance in post if I need to, and so that I can maximize the color and detail captured by the sensor. As a general rule, I try to do as much in-camera as possible, to minimize the need for post processing.

In terms of composition, I purposely placed Molokini in the upper left quadrant of the frame (Rule of Thirds), and was lucky enough to have a rock in the lower left that I could use as an anchor for the eye.

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Camera: Nikon D80
Aperture: f/4.0
Focal Length: 20 mm
Flash: No Flash
ISO: 100

How I got this shot.

First, it was handheld. Ideally, you’d want to use a tripod for any kind of high dynamic range (HDR) photograph–any camera shake usually results in a misalignment of the images.

Next, I set up the bracketing on my Nikon D80 so that it would take three shots in rapid succession. One would be exposed normally, one over-exposed (by 2 f stops) and the other underexposed. These three shots would help me capture the detail across the dark areas and the lighter areas.

Note: I used RAW not JPEG, as this gives you greater control during your post-processing.

So, now I have my three files, I use Apple’s Aperture and a plugin called Hydra HDR. This plugin not only automatically aligns my 3 images–great, because I didn’t use a tripod–but also combines the three images. This combining renders an image that has details in both the dark and light areas of the scene.

I made some minor adjustments to the saturation and sharpness, then saved the final image.

Easy as that!